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One of the most incredible wonders of the world is definitely language. Why is it so? Perhaps because of its unique role. We look around us, and are awed by the variety of several thousand languages and dialects, expressing a multiplicity of world views, literatures and ways of life. We look back at thoughts of our predecessors and find we can see only as far as language lets us see. We look forward in time, and find we can plan only through language. We look outward in space, and send symbols of communication along with our spacecraft, to explain who we are, in case there is anyone there who wants to know.
Any language possesses its vocabulary which is the total sum of its words. But what is a word? We utter some sounds (r — o — s — e) and immediately we get the image of this beautiful flower. What’s in a name that which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet...
(William Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet, Act II, Sc. 2) These famous lines reflect one of the fundamental mysteries, one of the fundamental enigmas: what is in a name, in a word that makes it possible “to see” what other people say? Is there any direct connection between a word and the object it represents? Could a rose have been called by “any other name” as Juliet says?
For some people studying words may seem uninteresting. But if studied properly, it may well prove just as exciting and novel as unearthing the mysteries of Outer Space.
It is significant that many scholars have attempted to define the word. Yet none of the definitions can be considered totally satisfactory in all aspects. It is equally surprising that, despite all the achievements of modern science, certain essential aspects of the nature of the word still escape us. Nor do we fully understand the phenomenon called “language”, of which the word is the main unit.
We do not know much about the origin of language and, consequently, of the origin of words. It is true that there are several hypotheses, some of them no less fantastic than the theory of the divine origin of language. We know nothing — or almost nothing — about the mechanism by which a speaker’s mental process is converted into sound groups called “words”, nor about the reverse process when a listener’s brain converts the acoustic phenomena into concepts and ideas, thus establishing a two-way process of communication.
We do know by now — though with vague uncertainty — that there is nothing accidental about the vocabulary of the language; that each word is a small unit within a vast efficient and perfectly balanced system. But we do not know why it possesses these qualities, nor do we know much about the processes by which it has acquired them. ​