ac^4 - c^4 - ac^2 + c^2=( ac^4 - c^4) - ( ac^2 - c^2) = c^4(a-1) - c^2( a-1)=(a-1)(c^4 - c^2) =
= c^2( a-1)(c^2 -1) =c^2(a-1)(c-1)(c+1)
4 -m^2 +2 mn-n^2= 4 - ( m^2 - 2 min + n^2 ) = 4 - ( m - n)^2=
= [ 2 - ( m-n) ] [ 2 + ( m-n)] = ( 2- m+n ) ( 2 +m- n)